Kuri ubu, Ubushinwa bwita cyane ku kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga ingufu. Ku bijyanye no gutunganya umutungo w'amakara mu buryo bwimbitse, abakiriya benshi ntibazi ikiruta ibindi mu guhitamo amakara yakuwemo urusyo rukora imigozi ihagaze n'uruganda rusya amakara yakuwemo. Mu bikurikira, HCM yasesenguye imiterere y'amakara, ibi bikaba ingirakamaro ku ihitamo ry'uruganda rusya amakara rw'umukiriya.

HLMamakara yakuwemo urusyo rukora imigozi ihagaze 

1. Bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubwoko bw'amakara n'icyuma gikoreshwa, ibisabwa ku bunini bw'uduce tw'amakara biratandukanye. Muri rusange, igipimo cyo gusuzuma ni hafi 90% kuri meshes 200. Ibikoresho byo gusya bigomba kuba bishobora guhindura ubunini;

2. Muri rusange, amakara ntabwo ari ibikoresho byumye cyane. Muri rusange, amakara aba afite ubushuhe burenze 15%, kandi lignite igera kuri 45%. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo gusya amakara bigomba kuba bishobora guhuza n'ibikoresho by'ubushuhe bwinshi no kumisha ibikoresho mu gihe cyo gusya. Si ngombwa gushyiraho icyuma cyumisha cyihariye kugira ngo cyongere uburyo bwo kumisha;

3. Amakara arimo amazi ashobora gushya, kandi amakara ubwayo arashya, bityo ingamba zo gukumira inkongi no kwirinda guturika zigomba gufatwa mu gihe cyo kuyasya;

4. Amakara arimo imyanda ikomeye kandi igoye gusya, isabwa kugira ngo ihuzwe n'imyanda ikomeye kandi igoye gusya mu gihe cyo gusya;

Uruganda rw'umupira cyangwaamakara yakuwemourusyo rukora imigozi ihagazeKu bijyanye no gutegura amakara yaciwe? Nubwo uruganda rw'amakara rwaciwe n'uruganda rw'umupira rushobora gutunganya amakara mu buryo bwimbitse, uhereye ku isesengura ry'imiterere y'amakara, uruganda rw'amakara yaciwe rukwiriye kubera impamvu eshatu:

Ubwa mbere, uruganda rw'amakara rwahinduwe rukoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora no gutunganya, rufata agace gato, rugira ivumbi rike n'urusaku ruto mu gihe cyo gukora, kandi rukora amakara yahinduwe afite ubushobozi bwo gupima neza no gutwika neza.

Icya kabiri, ugereranije n'icyuma gisya amakara cyo ku gipimo kimwe, ingufu zikoreshwa n'icyuma gisya amakara cyavunitse zishobora kuzigama 20-40%, cyane cyane iyo ubushuhe bw'amakara ari bwinshi. Byongeye kandi, iki cyuma gisya amakara gikoresha uburyo bwo gusukura umwuka. Mu guhindura ubushyuhe bw'umwuka winjira n'ingano y'umwuka, amakara mabi afite ubushuhe bugera kuri 10% ashobora gusya no kuma. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umwuka bukoreshwa kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byo kumisha hamwe n'ubushuhe bwinshi, hatabayeho kongeramo imashini zimufasha.

Icya gatatu, uruganda rw'amakara rwahinduwe rukoresha imigozi igororotse ruhuza inzira eshanu zo gusya, gusya, kumisha, guhitamo ifu no kuyitwara. Uburyo bworoshye, imiterere yarwo ni nto, ubuso bw'ubutaka ni hafi 60-70% by'uburyo bw'urusyo rw'umupira, naho ubuso bw'inyubako ni hafi 50-60% by'uburyo bw'urusyo rw'umupira.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni uko uruganda rukora amakara ruhagaze rukora imigoziikoresha icyuma gipima ifu gikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, gifite ubushobozi bwo guhitamo ifu n'ahantu hanini ho kuyitunganya. Ubunini bw'ifu bushobora kugera munsi ya 3% by'ibisigazwa bya mm 0.08, bishobora guhaza ibisabwa byo gusya amakara cyangwa anthracite mu buryo buciriritse mu muyoboro ukorwamo sima.