Ibikoresho byo gusya amakara 1: uruganda rw'amakara rwihuta cyane

Ishusho isanzwe y’uruganda rw’amakara rwihuta cyane ni uruganda rw’amakara. Ihame ry’imikorere ni: moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi inyura muri gearbox kugira ngo ikore uru ruziga rurerure rw’isahani izengurutse, umupira w’icyuma uri mu cyuma cyoroshye urazunguruka kugeza ku burebure runaka hanyuma ukagwa, binyuze mu gukubita umupira w’icyuma ku makara no hagati y’umupira w’icyuma, hagati y’umupira w’icyuma n’isahani y’uburinzi, amakara araseswa. Amakara akabije cyane atandukanywa iyo atemba mu gikoresho gitandukanya ifu ikomeye inyuma y’uruganda, hanyuma yoherezwa ku isahani izengurutse ivuye mu muyoboro w’ifu yo gusubiza kugira ngo yongere gusya. Uretse gutwara ifu y’amakara, umwuka ushyushye unagira uruhare mu kumanika amakara. Kubwibyo, umwuka ushyushye nawo witwa desiccant muri sisitemu y’ifu. Iki gicuruzwa gifite imiterere yo kumara igihe kirekire gikora, kugitunganya byoroshye, umusaruro uhamye n’ubuto, ubushobozi bwo kubika bwinshi, gusubiza vuba, ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukora, igipimo gito cy’umwuka n’amakara, imashini zikoresha amakara zigabanye, ubwoko bwinshi bw’amakara asya n’ibindi. Akoreshwa cyane cyane ku makara akomeye n’aciriritse, cyane cyane ku makara afite ubwinshi bw’ingufu kandi afite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusya. Ariko, uru ruganda rw'umupira rukora vuba ruranini, rukoresha ibyuma byinshi, rufata ubutaka bwinshi, kandi rufite ishoramari ryinshi rya mbere. Bityo rero uru ruganda rw'umupira rukwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwuzuye.

Ibikoresho byo mu nganda z'amakara zo mu bwoko bwa 2:uruganda rw'amakara rufite umuvuduko uringaniye 

Uruganda rw'amakara rufite umuvuduko uciriritse ruzwi kandi nka uruganda rw'amakara ruhagaze, rurangwa n'ibice bisya bigizwe n'amatsinda abiri y'uburyo umubiri usya ugenda. Amakara arakandagirwa agasigwa hagati y'ubuso bw'ibice bibiri bisya hanyuma agashwanyaguzwa. Muri icyo gihe, umwuka ushyushye unyura mu ruganda wumisha amakara hanyuma wohereza amakara yashwanyagujwe ku gikoresho cyo hejuru cy'uruganda. Nyuma yo gutandukana, amakara yashwanyagujwe afite ingano runaka y'uduce akurwa mu ruganda hamwe n'umwuka utemba, maze amakara yashwanyagujwe agasubizwa mu gice cyo gusya kugira ngo yongere asya. Uruganda rw'amakara rufite akarusho ko gukoresha ibikoresho bito, ubushobozi bwo gusya buto, kuzigama ingufu (hafi 50% ~ 75% by'uruganda rw'umupira), urusaku ruto, urumuri n'imikorere yoroheje. Ariko ntirukwiriye gusya amakara akomeye.

Ibikoresho byo gusya amakara 3: uruganda rw'amakara rwihuta cyane

Umuvuduko w'icyuma gisya amakara cyihuta ni 500 ~ 1500 r / min, ahanini kigizwe n'icyuma gisya umuvuduko mwinshi n'igikonoshwa gisya. Gusya umufana bisanzwe no gusya inyundo n'ibindi. Mu ruganda, amakara ashwanyaguzwa n'igongana hagati y'ingufu zihuta cyane n'igikonoshwa gisya n'igongana hagati y'amakara. Ubu bwoko bw'icyuma gisya amakara n'icyuma gitandukanya amakara cyavunitse byose, imiterere yacyo ni nto, ni nto, ishoramari rya mbere ni rito, cyane cyane rikwiriye gusya lignite ifite ubushuhe bwinshi n'ibipimo byinshi byo gushonga, byoroshye gusya amakara ya bituminous. Ariko, kubera ko icyuma gisya amakara cyangiritse kandi cyangiritse bitewe n'umwuka utemba, ubuzima bwacyo muri rusange ni amasaha 1000 gusa iyo gisya lignite, gusimbuza kenshi, kandi amazi y'amakara yo hasi ntagomba kuba menshi cyane, akoreshwa muri boilers zihuhwa mu buryo butaziguye mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, kandi ntabwo agomba gukoreshwa mu mashanyarazi yo guteramo umuriro.

Ubwoko butatu bw'ibikoresho byo gusya amakara buvuzwe haruguru bufite ibyiza n'ibibi, mu guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusya amakara, ni ngombwa gusuzuma uburyo rusange bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo gusya amakara. Uburyo bw'ifu bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ubwoko bwo gusya buziguye n'ubwoko bwo kubika hagati (bwitwa ubwoko bwo kubika). Mu buryo bwo gusya amakara buziguye, amakara asya n'uruganda rw'amakara hanyuma agahuhwa mu itanura kugira ngo atwikwe. Mu buryo bwo kubika, amakara ashaje abanza kubikwa mu gisanduku cy'amakara cyashaje, hanyuma hakurikijwe ibyo umutwaro w'icyuma ukeneye, amakara ashaje yoherezwa mu gisanduku cy'amakara cyashaje ajyanwa mu itanura kugira ngo atwikwe n'uruganda rw'amakara. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusya bukwiriye kandi ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo gusya amakara n'amakara. Dukurikije uburyo bwo gusya amakara, twasobanuye muri make ibi bikurikira ku ihitamo ry'uruganda rw'amakara:

(1) Imashini ikora umupira w'icyuma mu bubiko bwo hagati bw'ibigega ifu ishyushye: ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutwika anthracite (Vsr<9%) no kwangirika kw'ingufu ziri hejuru y'amakara.

(2) Uburyo bwo kubika ifu y'imyuka iva mu ruganda rw'umupira: bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu makara afite ihindagurika rikomeye kandi ahindagurika cyane (Var-19% ~ 27%).

(3) Sisitemu yo guhumeka neza y'icyuma gikoresha ibyuma bibiri 22-241: ku makara ya bituminous ahindagurika cyane (Vs.7-27% ~ 40%).

(4) Sisitemu yo gusya amakara yihuta cyane: ikwiriye gusya amakara ya bituminous afite ubushyuhe bwinshi (Vanr-27% ~ 40%), ubushyuhe bwinshi (ubushyuhe bwo hanze Mp≤15%) no kwangirika gukomeye, ndetse no gutakaza amakara mu buryo butari ubw’ubushyuhe bukomeye, ubushyuhe bwo gutwika amakara bushobora gushya, kandi ubushyuhe bw’amakara buhuye n’ibisabwa n’uruganda rw’amakara.

(5) Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikoresheje icyuma gishyushya icyuma gikoresha umuyaga: ikwiriye icyuma gishyushya icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi ya lignite Ke≤3.5 na 50 MW kandi munsi ya bituminous coal unit boiler