Intangiriro ku birebana n'amakara
Amakara ni ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro yakuwemo karuboni. Yatunganyijwe hifashishijwe karuboni, haidrojeni, ogisijeni, azote n'ibindi bintu, inyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'abantu. Kuri ubu, amakara afite ingano y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli inshuro 63 kurusha peteroli. Amakara yitwaga zahabu y'umukara kandi ibiryo by'inganda, ni yo ngufu zikomeye kuva mu kinyejana cya 18. Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara y'inganda, hamwe n'ivumburwa n'ikoreshwa rya moteri y'umwuka, amakara yakoreshejwe cyane nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu nganda kandi yazanye imbaraga nyinshi zidasanzwe ku muryango.
Ikoreshwa ry'Amakara
Amakara yo mu Bushinwa agabanyijemo ibyiciro icumi. Muri rusange, amakara yoroheje, amakara yo guteka, amakara y'ibinure, amakara ya gazi, amakara y'urumuri rurerure, amakara y'urumuri rurerure hamwe yitwa amakara ya bituminous; amakara yoroheje yitwa semi Anthracite; Iyo ingano y'amakara irenze 40%, yitwa lignite.
Imbonerahamwe y'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'amakara (cyane cyane amakara yo guteka)
| Icyiciro | Amakara yoroshye | Amakara make | Amakara adakora neza | Amakara yo guteka | Amakara y'ibinure | Amakara ya gaze | Amakara adakomeye yo gufatana | Amakara adakoresha ubwishingizi | Amakara y'umuriro muremure | Amakara y'umukara |
| Guhindagurika kw'ikirere | 0~10 | >10~20 | >14~20 | 14~30 | 26-37 | >30 | >20~37 | >20~37 | >37 | >40 |
| Ibiranga Cinder | / | 0 (ifu) | 0 (amabara) 8~20 | 12-25 | 12-25 | 9-25 | 0 (amatafari) ~ 9 | 0 (ifu) | 0~5 | / |
Lignite:
Ikunze kuba nini cyane, umukara wijimye, irabagirana cyane, imiterere yayo idafite ishingiro; Irimo ibintu bihindagurika bigera kuri 40%, ahantu hake ho gushya kandi byoroshye gufata umuriro. Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza gaze, inganda zikora amazi, icyuma gishyushya umuriro, nibindi.
Amakara ya bituminous:
Muri rusange ni ingano nto, nto kandi ifite ifu, ahanini ni umukara kandi irabagirana, ifite imiterere myiza, irimo ibintu birenga 30% by'ibintu bihinduka, aho umuriro ucana hake kandi byoroshye gutwika; Amakara menshi ya bituminous arafatana kandi yoroshye kuyasiga mu gihe cyo gutwika. Akoreshwa mu guteka, kuvanga amakara, gushyushya amashanyarazi no mu nganda zitunganya gaze.
Anthracite:
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ifu n'uduce duto, ari two umukara, icyuma kandi kirabagirana. Imyanda mike, imiterere mito, karuboni nyinshi idahinduka, kugeza ku kigero kirenga 80%; Ingano y'ihindagurika ni nto, munsi ya 10%, aho umuriro ucana ni henshi, kandi ntabwo byoroshye gufata umuriro. Hagomba kongerwamo amakara n'ubutaka bihagije kugira ngo bitwikwe kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw'umuriro. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora gaze cyangwa nk'ibicanwa.
Urugendo rw'inzira yo gusya amakara
Ku bijyanye no gusya amakara, ahanini bishingiye ku gipimo cyayo cya Harzburg cyo gusya. Uko igipimo cya Harzburg cyo gusya kiba kinini, ni ko gusya biba byiza (≥ 65), kandi uko igipimo cya Harzburg cyo gusya kiba gito, ni ko gusya bigorana (55-60).
Ibitekerezo:
① hitamo imashini nyamukuru hakurikijwe umusaruro n'ibisabwa mu gutunganya neza;
② Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi: amakara yahinduwe n'ubushyuhe
Isesengura ku buryo bwo gusya ibyuma
1. Uruganda rwa Pendulum (HC, uruganda rwa HCQ rukora amakara yahinduwe):
Igiciro gito cy'ishoramari, umusaruro mwinshi, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke, ibikoresho bihamye n'urusaku ruto; Ingorane ni uko ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ikiguzi cyo gukoresha uruganda ruhagaze.
Imbonerahamwe y'ubushobozi bw'uruganda rusya rwa HC (200 mesh D90)
|
| HC1300 | HC1700 | HC2000 |
| Ubushobozi (t/h) | 3-5 | 8-12 | 15-20 |
| Moteri y'uruganda rukuru (kw) | 90 | 160 | 315 |
| Moteri y'ifu ikoresha amashanyarazi (kw) | 90 | 160 | 315 |
| Moteri igabanya ibiciro (kw) | 15 | 22 | 75 |
Ibitekerezo (imiterere nyamukuru):
① Sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ifunguye ya Hongcheng yakoreshejwe mu gukoresha amakara ya lignite n’amakara y’urumuri rurerure kandi ahindagurika cyane.
② Urumuri rw'indabyo z'amapera rufite imiterere ya pendulum ihagaze rukoresha imiterere y'amaboko, bigira ingaruka nziza.
③ Igikoresho kidaturika cyagenewe sisitemu.
④ Umuyoboro w'amazi n'umuyoboro w'amazi bigomba gukorwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi ryiyongera uko bishoboka kose.
⑤ Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gutwara ifu, ni byiza ko abakiriya bakoresha uburyo bwo gutwara imyuka no kongeramo uburyo bwo gutwara azote na nitrike oxyde.
2. Uruganda rw'amakara ruhagaze (HLM vertical coal mill):
Umusaruro mwinshi, umusaruro munini, ubwiyongere buke bw'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'umwuka ushyushye. Ingorane ni ikiguzi kinini cy'ishoramari n'ubuso bunini bw'ubutaka.
Ibisobanuro n'ibipimo bya tekiniki by'uruganda rw'amakara rwa HLM (inganda zikora ibyuma)
| Icyitegererezo | HLM1300MF | HLM1500MF | HLM1700MF | HLM1900MF | HLM2200MF | HLM2400MF | HLM2800MF |
| Ubushobozi (t/h) | 13-17 | 18-22 | 22-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-70 | 70-100 |
| Ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho | ≤15% | ||||||
| Ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa | D80 | ||||||
| Ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa | ≤1% | ||||||
| Ingufu za moteri nkuru (kw) | 160 | 250 | 315 | 400 | 500 | 630 | 800 |
Icyiciro cya mbere:Ckwihuta kw'ibikoresho fatizo
IkininiAmakaraIbikoresho bikubitwa n'icyuma gisya kugeza ku buto bw'ibiryo (15mm-50mm) bishobora kwinjira mu ruganda rusya.
UrugendoII: Ggutonyanga
AbashenjaguweAmakaraIbikoresho bito byoherezwa mu bubiko hakoreshejwe ascenseur, hanyuma byoherezwa mu cyumba cyo gusya cy'urusyo ku buryo bungana kandi bungana n'icyuma gitanga ibikoresho kugira ngo gisya.
Icyiciro cya gatatu:Shyira mu byicirogukora
Ibikoresho byasibwe bigenwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kubipima, hanyuma ifu itujuje ibisabwa igashyirwa mu byiciro n'icyuma gipima hanyuma kigasubizwa mu mashini nkuru kugira ngo yongere isya.
UrugendoV: Cgukusanya ibicuruzwa byarangiye
Ifu ijyanye n'ubuto inyura mu muyoboro hamwe na gaze, ikagera mu gikoresho gikusanya ivumbi kugira ngo gitandukanywe kandi gikusanyirizwe. Ifu irangiye yoherezwa mu bubiko bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye hakoreshejwe igikoresho gitwara ibicuruzwa binyuze mu muyoboro usohora amazi, hanyuma igashyirwa mu bwato butwara ifu cyangwa agakoresho gatanga amazi.
Ingero z'ikoreshwa ry'ifu y'amakara
Icyitegererezo n'umubare w'ibi bikoresho: Amaseti 3 y'inganda zisya HC1700 zifunguye
Gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo: Anthracite
Uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye: 200 mesh D92
Ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho: toni 8-12 / isaha
Uyu mushinga ugamije gutanga amakara yakuweho ku icupa ry’amakara rikoresha ubushyuhe munsi y’ubutaka mu kirombe cy’amakara cya Bulianta ry’itsinda. Rwiyemezamirimo mukuru w’uyu mushinga ni Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bw’Amakara ry’Ubushinwa. Kuva mu 2009, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bw’Amakara ry’Abashinwa ryabaye umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye wa Hongcheng kandi rifitanye ubufatanye bukomeye. Imishinga yose ya mashini ya mashini yakuweho amakara n’imishinga yakuweho amakara ikoresha uruganda rwo gusya rwa Hongcheng kugira ngo ihuze uburyo bwo gutunganya ubucukuzi bw’amakara. Mu myaka 6 ishize, Hongcheng yakoranye by’ukuri n’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bw’Amakara, kandi imishinga yakuweho amakara yakwirakwiriye hirya no hino mu turere dukuru tw’amakara mu Bushinwa. Uyu mushinga ukoresha amatsinda atatu ya Raymond mills hamwe na sisitemu ya HC1700 ifunguye, yagenewe by’umwihariko gusya amakara yakuweho amakara. Uruganda rwo gusya amakara rwa Hc1700 rukoresha uburyo bwo gusya, gushyiraho igikoresho kidaturika n’ibindi bipimo, kandi ubu buryo ni bwiza kandi bwizewe. Umusaruro w'uruganda rwa HC1700 uri hejuru ya 30-40% ugereranije n'uruganda rusanzwe rusya pendulum, ruzigama ingufu kandi rurengera ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-22-2021
